On Combining Classifiers for Assessing Portrait Image Compliance with ICAO/ISO Standards

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has selected biometrics in particular face as the technique for travel documents to verify the association between such documents and the person in possession of them. The International Standard Organization (ISO) has defined a standard for the digital face images to be used in Machine Readable Travel Documents. Due to the ISO/IEC 19794-5 international standard, there exists a high demand for automatically checking portrait images to assist civil service employees in decision making regarding ICAO/ISO compliance. We present a face normalization and analysis system implementing several requirements of the ISO/IEC 19794-5 specification. We address the criteria eyes-open and mouthclosed and highlight the fusion of complementary classifiers to boost performance of the overall analysis system. Our results show that classifier fusion is capable of improving the classification performance considerably as compared to a single classifier decision.